Intermediate Modern Fortran

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Fortran supports both static- and dynamic-sized arrays

Fortran arrays are objects, allowing out of bounds accesses to be checked

The bounds of an array can be set by the programmer

Arrays passed as arguments retain their size, not their bounds

Array arguments behave as though passed by reference, however array sections may require copy-in, copy-out

Fortran pointers describe what they are pointing to, not only its address.

We must take care when programming with pointers to avoid aliasing.

Procedure pointers create a binding between a variable and a procedure.

Derived types enable creating custom data structures in Fortran.

Access to components of derived types can be controlled via the private attribute.

Interfaces allow us to write generic, high-level code.

Designing a generic interface requires care, particularly for generic operators.

Fortran supports polymorphism through the class pointers and allocatable objects.

Types can be selected dynamically to support type-specific behaviours

Type-bound procedures allow Fortran objects to implement behaviour

Redefining type-bound procedures allows behaviour to be specialised

Types can prevent extended types from redefining type-bound procedures

Generic type-bound procedures enable generic methods on types

Defined types can control how they are printed using type-bound procedures

Abstract types allow Fortran programs to specify and use interfaces that are then provided by concrete implementations.

Submodules provide the mechanism to separate interface and implementation in Fortran

Unlimited polymorphic entities provide a void *-like type in Fortran

Without determining the unlimite polymorphic entity’s dynamic type, it cannot be used

The kind of a user-defined type must be known at compile time (as for intrinsic types)

The iso_fortran_env intrinsic module provides constants and functions that enable code portability

The IEEE intrinsic modules allow programs to check the conformance with IEEE features

The iso_c_binding module allows a programmer to write Fortran that is interoperable with C.

Care must be taken with pointers and arrays, and with variables which are to be passed to C by value.