Introduction


Figure 1

Diagram illustrating three activities that can reduce carbon emissions from software use
Diagram illustrating three activities that can reduce carbon emissions from software use

Figure 2

Diagram illustrating green software principles, patterns, and practices
Diagram illustrating green software principles, patterns, and practices

Carbon Efficiency


Figure 1

Picture of user minimising carbon emissions
Picture of user minimising carbon emissions

Energy Efficiency


Figure 1

Diagram illustrating the chain of electricity use in server/HPC setup
Diagram illustrating the chain of electricity use in server/HPC setup

Figure 2

Diagram of link from fossil fuels to energy
Diagram of link from fossil fuels to energy

Figure 3

Diagram illustrating power usage effectiveness (PUE) of data centres
Diagram illustrating power usage effectiveness (PUE) of data centres

Figure 4

Schematic graph showing relationship between power draw and utilisation of computer infrastructure
Schematic graph showing relationship between power draw and utilisation of computer infrastructure

Carbon Awareness


Figure 1

Diagram illustrating change in carbon intensity over time due to changes in atmospheric conditions
Diagram illustrating change in carbon intensity over time due to changes in atmospheric conditions

Figure 2

Diagram illustrating marginal carbon intensity and curtailment
Diagram illustrating marginal carbon intensity and curtailment

Figure 3

Diagram illustrating reduction in demand from fossil fuel plants Energy from fossil fuel plants is usually the most expensive so this is the preferred method. This directly translates to burning fewer fossil fuels.


Figure 4

Diagram illustrating increase in demand from renewable sources
Diagram illustrating increase in demand from renewable sources

Figure 5

Diagram illustrating increase in demand from non-renewable sources
Diagram illustrating increase in demand from non-renewable sources

Figure 6

Image of transition from high-carbon to low-carbon energy sources
Image of transition from high-carbon to low-carbon energy sources

Figure 7

Diagram illustrating spatial demand shifting
Diagram illustrating spatial demand shifting

Figure 8

Diagram illustrating spatial demand shifting
Diagram illustrating spatial demand shifting

Figure 9

Diagram illustrating demand shaping
Diagram illustrating demand shaping

Hardware Efficiency


Figure 1

Bar chart illustrating embodied carbon from various end-user devices
Bar chart illustrating embodied carbon from various end-user devices

Figure 2

Diagram illustrating amortisation
Diagram illustrating amortisation

Figure 3

Diagram illustrating amortisation
Diagram illustrating amortisation

Measurement


Climate Commitments


Figure 1

Diagram illustrating carbon reduction strategies
Diagram illustrating carbon reduction strategies

Figure 2

Diagram illustrating different emissions reduction strategies
Diagram illustrating different emissions reduction strategies

Figure 3

Demand curve for electricity use
Demand curve for electricity use

Figure 4

Diagram illustrating impact of hourly matching
Diagram illustrating impact of hourly matching

Figure 5

Temporal shifting along with matching strategy
Temporal shifting along with matching strategy